This is called surveillance or reconnaissance. Militaries use airplanes to carry their soldiers quickly from place to place.Īirplanes are also used by the military to see many things on the ground easily. It would take one week or more on a ship. Aircraft can fly from New York to London in about 7 hours. They may be bombers, dropping bombs on ground targets.įixed-wing aircraft allow people to travel longer distances, and faster than ships or trains. These may be fighter aircraft, using guns or missiles for combat with other aircraft. Some fixed-wing aircraft are used by air forces to defend countries. The first aircraft for war bombing was used in Libya in 1911 by Italy against the Ottoman Empire. War Russian Knights in a low pass, Moscow. Cargo aircraft carry cargo across seas and long distances, and passenger aircraft also carry some cargo. Uses Transport įixed-wing aircraft have long been used as airliners for moving passengers from place to place. Many planes can retract (bring inside the fuselage) their landing gear to make less drag. If the plane lands in snow, the landing gear usually has skis. It can be wheels if the plane lands on the ground, or floats if the plane lands in the water. The landing gear or undercarriage is what supports the plane on the ground.The fuselage might have windows or doors. The fuselage is the part of the plane that holds the people and cargo.Instead they use gravity to give them forward speed. Some fixed-wing aircraft, such as gliders, don't have engines. Some planes have propellers that the engine turns. This makes air flow over the wings, which makes the plane fly. Some planes also have no tail, like the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit. Some planes have more than one tail, like the Antonov An-225. The tail (also called the vertical stabilizer) is a large flat panel normally at the back of the plane.This lets the plane fly slower without stalling, so flaps are often used during takeoff and landing. This makes the wing make more lift, but also more drag. Flaps can be extended to make the wing bigger. Some wings have panels on the back called flaps. Lift can also be explained using Bernoulli's principle since wings are designed so that air goes faster on the top of the wing than on the bottom, the higher pressure on the bottom will push the plane up. When air flows around the wing (which happens when the plane moves forward) the wing pushes air down, which in turn pushes the plane up. The wings create a force called lift that goes against gravity which makes the plane get off the ground. The wings are the most important part because they are what makes the plane fly. Most fixed-wing aircraft have certain parts in common. Things like winglets and more efficient turbofans have helped to do this. Īdvances in technology have made fixed-wing aircraft more efficient. The first man who flew (took off, steered, and landed) a motor-powered aircraft was Orville Wright in 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA. There were gliders before this, but they had to fly by being pushed off a building or hill. It could fly by itself without needing to be dropped from high up. History Ī steam-powered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle that weighed 9 lb (4.1 kg), was built by John Stringfellow, in Chard, Somerset, England in 1848. Statistics show that riding in a plane is safer than driving in a car. Airbus and Boeing are the two biggest makers of large airliners. Some large cities like New York City and London have more than one airport. Big cities usually have an international airport, where large fixed-wing airliners operate. įixed-wing aircraft fly between many cities all over the world, carrying people and cargo. Gliders are fixed-wing aircraft that do not have engines. All fixed-wing aircraft have wings that use forward airspeed to generate lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are sometimes called airplanes, aeroplanes or sometimes just "planes". An aircraft is a machine that can fly, but is heavier than air. To take off it must reach a speed of about 150 knots (280 km/h 170 mph)Ī fixed-wing aircraft is a kind of aircraft. See the main article: Aerospace engineering American Airlines Boeing 767, a fixed-wing aircraft.
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